ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯍꯔꯤꯗꯥꯁ ꯁꯥꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯖ ꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯗꯥꯕꯟꯒꯤ ꯄꯟꯗꯤꯠ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯔꯕ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯂꯕ ꯒꯧꯗꯤꯌ ꯕꯩꯁ꯭ꯅꯕ ꯄꯟꯗꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯙꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯪꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯇ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅ ꯍꯩꯕ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ 80 ꯔꯣꯝ ꯏꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯀꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯒꯧꯗꯤꯌ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯅꯤ꯫
ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥ 20ꯁꯨꯕꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯇꯝꯂꯕ ꯒꯧꯗꯤꯌ ꯕꯩꯁ꯭ꯅꯕ “ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ” ꯄꯟꯗꯤꯠꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯖꯣꯅꯥꯊꯟ ꯑꯦꯗꯦꯂꯃꯥꯟ, ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯗꯥ
ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯛꯁꯥ
ꯃꯍꯥꯛ 1918ꯗ ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯕꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯂꯒꯤ ꯔꯣꯄꯥꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯇꯤ ꯁꯨꯁꯤꯂꯥ ꯗꯦꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯚꯌꯆꯔꯟ ꯆꯠꯇꯣꯄꯥꯙ꯭ꯌꯥꯌꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯐꯅꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯅꯥꯊ ꯊꯣꯅꯈꯤ꯫ 1933ꯗ, ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯃꯉꯥ ꯁꯨꯔꯕꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯊꯨꯔꯥꯗ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯟꯗꯤꯠ ꯕꯥꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯔꯥꯝ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯗꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯥꯛꯈꯤ꯫
ꯄꯟꯗꯤꯠ ꯕꯥꯕꯥꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯌ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯕꯤꯅꯣꯗ ꯕꯤꯍꯥꯔꯤ ꯒꯣꯁ꯭ꯕꯥꯃꯤꯕꯨ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯖꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯐꯅꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯅ ꯃꯟꯇ꯭ꯔ-ꯗꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯔꯤꯗꯥꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯕꯥꯕꯥꯖꯤ-ꯕꯦꯁ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯒꯨꯔꯨꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯚꯛꯇꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯁꯦꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯃꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯟꯗꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯣꯂꯛꯔꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯅꯟꯖꯌ ꯗꯥꯁ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯗꯥꯕꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯄꯟꯗꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤꯁꯨ ꯇꯝꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯒꯨꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯊꯪ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯗꯔꯁꯟ ꯇꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯕꯅꯥꯔꯁꯇ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯤꯊꯣꯏ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯕꯥꯃꯥꯆꯔꯟ ꯁꯥꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯔꯦꯔꯥꯝ ꯁꯥꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯣꯖꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ, ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯗꯔꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯇꯠꯇ꯭ꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯇꯔꯨꯛ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯨꯌꯦꯠ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯃꯥꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯨꯌꯦꯠ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ꯫
ꯕꯦꯗꯥꯟꯇ-ꯗꯔꯁꯅꯝ
ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯗ ꯚꯥꯒꯕꯠꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯑꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯕ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯅ ꯏꯕ ꯕꯦꯗꯥꯟꯇ-ꯁꯨꯠꯔꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯀꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯖ ꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯀꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯃꯝꯅ ꯎꯠꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯦꯗꯥꯟꯇ-ꯗꯔꯁꯅꯝ ꯚꯥꯒꯕꯠ-ꯚꯥꯁ꯭ꯌꯣꯄꯦꯇꯝꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯃꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯕꯅꯥꯔꯁꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯒꯔꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯆꯥꯔꯤꯅꯤ ꯁꯚꯥꯅ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯈꯤ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯍꯔꯤꯗꯥꯁ ꯅꯤꯋꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ
1965ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯗꯥꯕꯟꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯔꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯂꯤꯗꯍꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯍꯔꯤꯗꯥꯁ ꯅꯤꯋꯥꯁ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯒꯗꯥꯙꯔ ꯄꯟꯗꯤꯠꯀ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯆꯩꯇꯟꯌ ꯃꯍꯥꯄ꯭ꯔꯚꯨꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯗꯥꯕꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯃꯟꯗꯤꯔ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯒꯗꯥꯙꯔ ꯄꯔꯤꯕꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯒꯧꯗꯤꯌ ꯑꯥꯆꯥꯔ꯭ꯌꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯖꯤꯕ ꯒꯣꯁ꯭ꯕꯥꯃꯤꯒꯤ, ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅ ꯐꯪꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯒꯗꯥꯙꯔ-ꯒꯧꯔꯍꯔꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯠ ꯁꯟꯗꯔ꯭ꯚꯕꯨ ꯇꯤꯀꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯍꯤꯟꯗꯤꯗ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯛꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯥꯈꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯒꯧꯔ-ꯒꯗꯥꯙꯔ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯟꯊꯥꯒꯥꯔꯝ ꯂꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯗꯥꯕꯟꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕ
ꯁꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯅꯤ ꯌꯥꯡꯈꯩꯗ
1981ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯖ ꯖꯤꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯥꯁ꯭ꯔꯝꯗ ꯁꯟ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯟꯂꯥꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯈꯛꯇꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯁꯟꯒꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯥꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯟꯂꯥꯕ 250 ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯦꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯅꯕ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯍꯔꯤꯗꯥꯁ ꯁꯥꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯒꯣ ꯁꯦꯕꯥ ꯁꯪꯁ꯭ꯊꯥꯟ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ꯫
ꯈꯅꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ
- ꯕꯦꯗꯥꯟꯇ-ꯗꯔꯁꯅꯝ ꯚꯥꯒꯕꯠ-ꯚꯥꯁ꯭ꯌꯣꯄꯦꯇꯝ
- ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯁꯥꯙꯅꯥꯃ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ-ꯆꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥ
- ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯒꯧꯔ-ꯒꯣꯕꯤꯟꯗꯥꯔꯆꯟ-ꯄꯗ꯭ꯙꯇꯤ
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- ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯒꯣꯕꯤꯟꯗ-ꯂꯤꯂꯥꯃ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯝ (ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ 3)
- ꯑꯩꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ꯭ꯌ-ꯀꯥꯗꯝꯕꯤꯅꯤ
- ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯁꯪꯀꯜꯄ-ꯀꯜꯄ-ꯗ꯭ꯔꯨꯝ
- ꯆꯇꯨꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯤ-ꯚꯥꯁ꯭ꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯅ-ꯚꯖꯅꯥꯃ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ
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- ꯕ꯭ꯔꯖ-ꯔꯤꯇꯤ-ꯆꯤꯟꯇꯥꯃꯅꯤ
- ꯙꯔꯝꯃ-ꯁꯪꯒ꯭ꯔꯍ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯆꯩꯇꯟꯌ-ꯁꯨꯛꯇꯤ-ꯁꯨꯙꯥꯀꯔ